Side Antalya Turkey

Side Antalya Turkey, Manavgat, 07330
Side Antalya Turkey Side Antalya Turkey is one of the popular City located in Side Antalya Turkey ,Manavgat listed under City in Manavgat , Borough in Manavgat , Landmark & Historical Place in Manavgat ,

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Antalya'ya 75 km. Manavgat'a 7 km. uzaklıkta olan Side, Yaklaşık 400 m. eni ve 1 km. uzunluğu olan bir yarımada şeklindedir. "Side" adı Anadolu dilinde "Nar" anlamına gelmektedir. Bu özellik ve bilgede bulunan bazı yazıtlardan elde edilen bilgiler Side tarihinin Hititlere kadar uzandığını göstermektedir. Fakat Anadolunun en eski yerleşim birimlerinden biri olan Side'nin İ.Ö.VII yy'dan önce kurulduğu da söylenmektedir. Anadolu tarihleri içerisinde Side, diğer Pamphylia kentleriyle aynı aşamaları geçirmiştir. Yunanlılar İ.Ö. VII yy. göçler sırasında Side'ye gelmişlerdir. Eldeki yazıtlara göre İ.Ö. III yy' a değin de kente özgü bir dil konuşmuşlardır. Hala tam olarak çözülemeyen bu dil Hint-Avrupa dillerindendir.

Side İ.Ö. VI yy'ın ilk yarısında Lidyalıların, İ.Ö. 547-546'da da Persler'in egemenliğine girmiştir. Pers yönetiminde gelişen kent. İ.Ö. 334' de İskender'e teslim olunmuştur.İskender'in ölümünden sonra Antigonos'un (323-304). Ptolemaioslar'ın (301-215). İ.Ö. 215'ten sonrada Suriye Krallığı' nın denetimi altına girmiştir. İ.Ö. II yy. da Ptolemaioslar'ın güçlü savaş ve ticaret filoları sayesinde en parlak dönemini yaşayan kent, bu sürede imar edilip bir bilim ve kültür merkezi haline getirilmiştir. İ.Ö. 188'de Apameia Barışı ile Bergama Krallığı'na bırakılan Side, Doğu Pamfilya bölgesiyle birlikte bağımsızlığını korumuş, büyük ticaret donanmasıyla refaha ve zenginliğe kavuşmuştur. İ.Ö. 78'den sonra Roma egemenliğinde bulunan kent, İ.S. II. Ve III. yy'larda bölgenin ticaret merkezi oldu. Özellikle köle ticaretinin sağladığı zengin ve parlak bir dönem yaşandı. II. yy boyunca bir bilim ve kültür merkeziydi. Suriye krallarından VII. Antiokhos, tahta geçmeden önce burada eğitim gördü. Kral olduğu zaman ( İ.Ö. 138 ) ''Sidetes'' adını aldı. Bu devre kadar başta Athena ve Apollon olmak üzere Afrodit, Ares, Asklepios, Hegeia, Kharitler, Demeter, Dionisos, Hermes gibi birço tanrıya inanıp tapan Side'liler İ.S. 4.yy'da hıristiyanlaşmaya başlamışlardır.

Side, İ.S. V. yy'da Pamfilya Metropolisi ( Piskoposluk Merkezi ) olunca, 5. ve 6. yy'da en parlak devrini yaşamıştır. Bu gelişim VII. IX. yy'lar arasında Arap akınları ile son bulmuştur. Kazılar sırasında büyük bir yangın ve çok sayıda deprem izlerine rastlanmıştır. Arap istilası, doğal afetler kentin terk edilmesine yol açmıştır. XII.yy'da Arap coğrafya cısı İdrisi burayı ölü bir kent olarak göstermekte ve ''Yanmış Antalya''olarak tanımlamaktadır. İdrisi'ye göre 1150'ye doğru kent halkı Side'den göç etmiş, XII.yy'da Side tümüyle boşaltılmıştır. 13.yy'da Selçuklular'ın 14.yy'da ise Hamitoğulları ve Tekelioğulları'nın egemenliği altına giren Side'de bu devirlerde yerleşim olmamıştır. 15. yy'da kesin olarak Türk topraklarına katılmıştır. Ancak ne Osmanlılar nede Selçuklular Side'de oturmadıklarından, yarımada üzerinde Selçuklu ve Osmanlı dönemine ait eserlere rastlanmaz. 1895 yılında, yarımadanın uç kısmına bir köy kurularak Girit Adası'ndan gelen göçmenler buraya yerleştirilmişlerdir. Bugünkü köyün çekirdeğini oluşturan küçük köy zamanla tüm yarımadayı kaplamıştır.antik yapılarıyla kendine özgü mimarisiyle, köy evlerinin bir arada bulunması sonradan "Selimiye" adını alan Side'nin turizme açılmasında büyük rol oynamıştır. Side tarihin derin izlerini taşıyan bir kenttir.

SİDE'DEKİ TARİHİ ESERLER: KENT SURLARI BÜYÜK KENT KAPISI , DOĞU KAPISI , SU KEMERLERİ , BÜYÜK ANITSAL ÇEŞME , KOLONNEL CADDE , EVLER , AGORA , ANITSAL KÜTÜPHANE VE DEVLET AGORASI , PİSKOPOS SARAYI VE BAZİLİKASI , VESPASIANUS ÇEŞMESİ , ÜÇ HAVUZLU ÇEŞME , TİYATRO , MEN TAPINAĞI , BAKÜS TAPINAĞI , BÜYÜK LİMAN HAMAMI , LİMAN HAMAMI , APOLLON TAPINAĞI , ATHENA TAPINAĞI , SİDE LİMANI. SİDE MÜZESİ :

Roma döneminde inşa edilen hamam kompleksi üzerine, son yıllarda yapılan küçük restorasyonlarla Side Müzesi kurulmuştur. Müze'ye doğu yönünde bir kapıyla girilir. Daha sonra tabanı taşlarla kaplı ve hamamın ikinci tepidariumu olduğu anlaşılan bir avludan geçilerek büyük bir bahçeye çıkılmaktadır. Bu avlunun etrafında ve bahçenin içinde Side'de yapılan kazılarda bulunan lahitler, sütunlar, büstler, torsolar, yazıtlar, heykeller, heykel kaideleri, sütun başlıkları, frizler, rölyefler ve steller görülmektedir. Müze bahçesi aslında Roma Hamamı'nın jimnastik salonu ve palaestrasının avlularıdır. Tabanı mermer parçaları ile kaplı olan bu avluların içindeki en önemli eser, avlunun kuzey duvarında görülen denizler tanrısı Poseido‘nun mitolojik öykülerinin yer aldığı friz serisidir. Burada tanrı ve tanrıçaların doğayla olan ilişkileri tasvir edilmektedir.

ENGİLİSH

Side (Greek: Σίδη Side, Turkish: Side) was an ancient Greek city in Anatolia, in the region of Pamphylia, in what is now Antalya province, on the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. It is now a resort town and one of the best-known classical sites in Turkey, near Manavgat and the village of Selimiye, 75 km from Antalya) in the province of Antalya.[1]
It is located on the eastern part of the Pamphylian coast, which lies about 20 km east of the mouth of the Eurymedon River. Today, as in antiquity, the ancient city is situated on a small north-south peninsula about 1 km long and 400 m across.
Strabo and Arrian both record that Side was founded by Greek settlers from Cyme in Aeolis, a region of western Anatolia. This most likely occurred in the 7th century BC. Possessing a good harbour for small-craft boats, Side's natural geography made it one of the most important places in Pamphylia and one of the most important trade centres in the region. According to Arrian, when settlers from Cyme came to Side, they could not understand the dialect. After a short while, the influence of this indigenous tongue was so great that the newcomers forgot their native Greek and started using the language of Side. Excavations have revealed several inscriptions written in this language. The inscriptions, dating from the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, remain undeciphered, but testify that the local language was still in use several centuries after colonisation. Another object found in the excavations at Side, a basalt column base from the 7th century BC and attributable to the Neo-Hittites, provides further evidence of the site's early history. The name Side is Anatolian in origin and means pomegranate.
Next to no information exists concerning Side under Lydian and Persian sovereignty.
[edit]Alexander the Great


The Great Gate in the middle of Side's main street.


Temple of Apollo detail.
Alexander the Great occupied Side without a struggle in 333 BC. Alexander left only a single garrison behind to occupy the city. This occupation, in turn, introduced the people of Side to Hellenistic culture, which flourished from the 4th to the 1st century BC. After Alexander's death, Side fell under the control of one of Alexander's generals, Ptolemy I Soter, who declared himself king of Egypt in 305 BC. The Ptolemaic dynasty controlled Side until it was captured by the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BC. Yet, despite these occupations, Side managed to preserve some autonomy, grew prosperous, and became an important cultural centre.
In 190 BC a fleet from the Greek island city-state of Rhodes, supported by Rome and Pergamum, defeated the Seleucid King Antiochus the Great's fleet, which was under the command of the fugitive Carthaginian general Hannibal. The defeat of Hannibal and Antiochus the Great meant that Side freed itself from the overlord-ship of the Seleucid Empire. The Treaty of Apamea (188 BC) forced Antiochus to abandon all European territories and to cede all of Asia Minor north of the Taurus Mountains to Pergamum. However, the dominion of Pergamum only reached de facto as far as Perga, leaving Eastern Pamphylia in a state of uncertain freedom. This led Attalus II Philadelphus to construct a new harbour in the city of Attalia (the present Antalya), although Side already possessed an important harbour of its own. Between 188 and 36 BC Side minted its own money, tetradrachms showing Nike and a laurel wreath (the sign of victory).
In the 1st century BC, Side reached a peak when the Cilician pirates established their chief naval base and a centre for their slave-trade.
[edit]Romans
The consul Servilius Vatia defeated these brigands in 78 BC and later the Roman general Pompey in 67 BC, bringing Side under the control of Rome and beginning its second period of ascendancy, when it established and maintained a good working relationship with the Roman Empire.[2]
Emperor Augustus reformed the state administration and placed Pamphylia and Side in the Roman province of Galatia in 25 BC, after the short reign of Amyntas of Galatia between 36 and 25 BC. Side began another prosperous period as a commercial centre in Asia Minor through its trade in olive oil. Its population grew to 60,000 inhabitants. This period would last well into the 3rd century AD. Side also established itself as a slave-trading centre in the Mediterranean. Its large commercial fleet engaged in acts of piracy, while wealthy merchants paid for such tributes as public works, monuments, and competitions as well as the games and gladiator fights. Most of the extant ruins at Side date from this period of prosperity.


One of the maps (portolani) of Piri Reis, taken from the Kitab-i Bahriye, which Piri produced in several editions, supplementing in 1520, but integrating it into subsequent editions.
[edit]Decline

Side began a steady decline from the 4th century on. Even defensive walls could not stop successive invasions of highlanders from the Taurus Mountains. During the 5th and 6th centuries, Side experienced a revival, and became the seat of the Bishopric of Eastern Pamphylia. Arab fleets, nevertheless, raided and burned Side during the 7th century, contributing to its decline. The combination of earthquakes, Christian zealots and Arab raids, left the site abandoned by the 10th century, its citizens having emigrated to nearby Antalya.[2]
In the 12th century, Side temporarily established itself once more as a large city. An inscription found on the site of the former ancient city shows a considerable Jewish population in early Byzantine times. However, Side was abandoned again after being sacked. Its population moved to Antalya, and Side became known as Eski Adalia ("Old Antalya") and was buried.


A hospital dating back to the 6th century.


This portion of the main street in Side is lined with the ruins of homes or shops, many of which feature their original mosaic tile flooring.
[edit]Ruins

The great ruins are among the most notable in Asia Minor. They cover a large promontory where a wall and a moat separate it from the mainland. During medieval times, the wall and moat were repaired and the promontory houses a wealth of structures.
There are colossal ruins of a theatre complex, the largest of Pamphylia, built much like a Roman amphitheatre that relies on arches to support the sheer verticals. The Roman style was adopted because Side lacked a convenient hillside that could be hollowed out in the usual Greek fashion more typical of Asia Minor. The theatre is less preserved than the theatre at Aspendos, but it is almost as large, seating 15,000 - 20,000 people. With time and the shifting of the earth, the scena wall has collapsed over the stage and the proscenium is in a cataract of loose blocks. It was converted into an open-air sanctuary with two chapels during Byzantine times (5th-6th c.)
The well-preserved city walls provide an entrance to the site through the Hellenistic main gate (Megale Pyle) of the ancient city, although this gate from the 2nd century BC is badly damaged. Next comes the colonnaded street, whose marble columns are no longer extant; all that remains are a few broken stubs near the old Roman baths. The street leads to the a public bath, restored as a museum displaying statues and sarcophagi from the Roman period. Next is the square agora with the remains of the round Tyche and Fortuna temple (2nd c. BC), a periptery with twelve columns, in the middle. In later times it was used as a trading centre where pirates sold slaves. The remains of the theatre, which was used for gladiator fights and later as a church, and the monumental gate date back to the 2nd century. The early Roman Temple of Dionysus is near the theatre. The fountain gracing the entrance is restored. At the left side are the remains of a Byzantine Basilica. A public bath has also been restored.[2]
The remaining ruins of Side include three temples, an aqueduct, and a nymphaeum. Side's nymphaeum – a grotto with a natural water supply dedicated to the nymphs – was an artificial grotto or fountain building of elaborate design.
Turkish archaeologists have been excavating Side since 1947 and intermittently continue to do so.[3]

Сиде анталия

Сиде находится в зоне Средиземноморского климата, с жарким, сухим летом и с прохладной, мягкой зимой. Средние температура зимы не опускаются ниже отметки 10 °C, пик летней температуры может достигать 45 °C (очень редко). Средняя температура моря в зимние месяцы составляет около 17 °C, в летние месяцы около 28 °C. Наиболее комфортными для отдыха считаются месяцы, начиная с мая по октябрь, когда в Сиде главенствует жаркая, безоблачная и безветренная погода с минимальным количеством осадков [1] .
История[править | править исходный текст]

По историческим источникам стало известно, что в Сиде начались поселения в VII в. до н. э., а переселенцами были греческие колонисты, прибывшие из Западной Анатолии. Греческие поселенцы встретили здесь население, говорившее на местном сидетском языке. Были обнаружены надписи на этом своеобразном языке. Слово Сиде на анатолийском диалекте означает «гранат». Так же местные назвали город в честь нимфы Сиде (по сути дела, так они называли богиню древнегреческого пантеона, Артемиду — одним из символов которой является гранат) Сиде являлся самым важным и большим портом Памфилии. Сиде построен на полуострове и имел с двух сторон по порту. В V в. до н. э., в Сиде в период персидской гегемонии, появляются собственные монеты. В 334 году до н. э. жители города без всякого сопротивления сложили оружие перед Александром Македонским. Позже они попали сначала под власть Птоломеев, а затем Селевкидов. В 190 до н. э. Сиде была ареной морской войны между Родосом и Сирией. Сирийским флотом командовал знаменитый карфагенский полководец Ганнибал. Затем Сиде вошёл в состав Пергама, вместе с которым и отошёл к Риму. В 2 в. до н. э. Сиде сделался центром торговли, культуры и развлечений. В 1 в. до н. э. пираты из Киликии захватили город, после чего ему сопутствовала недобрая слава. Сиде превратился в морскую судоверфь и центр работорговли.
В 67 году до н. э. римский полководец Помпей расправился с пиратами. В благодарность народ Сиде воздвиг статуи в его честь, тем самым спасая свою репутацию. В римский период Сиде достиг расцвета.
Сиде по-прежнему оставался торговым центром и невольничьим рынком. Были установлены торговые взаимоотношения с Египтом. В этот период Сиде обладал большим флотом. В стране распространяется христианство. Уже в V и VI вв. в эпоху Византийской империи в Сиде появляется епископская кафедра Восточной Памфилии. В VII в. большая часть южной Анатолии подверглась арабскому нашествию. Арабы полностью сожгли город и уничтожили его. Город Сиде, когда-то славившийся как большой и образцовый, в результате арабского нашествия и грабежа опустел, и его жители переселились в Анталью (VIII в.).
Достопримечательности[править | править исходный текст]



Вид на античный амфитеатр Сиде
Город находился в постоянной опасности, и был окружен крепостными стенами как со стороны моря, так и суши. Несмотря на частые землетрясения, крепостные стены и башни, со стороны суши сохранены в хорошем состоянии. Хуже сохранились крепостные стены со стороны моря. Ворота у восточных стен служили входными воротами. Рядом с центральными воротами эллинистического периода построено по башне, а ворота выходят на площадь в форме буквы U. Пройдя через площадь, и минуя её, был выход в город. Вторые, меньшие ворота, дошедшие до нашего времени относятся также к эллинистическому периоду, однако эти ворота имеют квадратные башенки и квадратной формы площадь. Главный проспект, который начинается от входа в эти ворота поведет вас по всему полуострову до самого западного его конца.

side antalya Deutsch

Die antike Stadt Side ist teilweise unter dem heutigen Selimiye gelegen, einem Urlaubsort an der Türkischen Riviera. Die Stadt liegt zwischen den Städten Antalya und Alanya im Landkreis Manavgat, der zu der türkischen Provinz Antalya gehört. Side blickt auf eine etwa 3500 Jahre lange Vergangenheit zurück und war in der Antike eine bedeutende Hafenstadt in der Region Pamphylien, wie diese Landschaft an der mittleren Südküste in der Antike genannt wurde. Von der antiken Hafenstadt sind viele Bauwerke erhalten geblieben.
Side in der Antike[Bearbeiten]

Das antike Side liegt auf einer flachen Halbinsel mit Hafenanlagen an der Spitze. Der Kirchenhistoriker Eusebios (4. Jahrhundert) datiert die Gründung der Stadt auf 1405 v. Chr., die antike Überlieferung geht davon aus, dass Side etwa im 7. Jahrhundert v. Chr. vom äolischen Kyme aus gegründet wurde. Die bedeutendsten Ruinen stammen aus der römischen Epoche, dem 2. und 3. Jahrhundert. Weitere bedeutende Bauten entstanden, als Side im 5. oder 6. Jahrhundert Bischofssitz wurde. Die Stadt wurde vermutlich im 10. Jahrhundert verlassen. Ein Erdbeben im 12. Jahrhundert zerstörte viele der noch verbliebenen Bauwerke endgültig. Side wurde über Aquädukte mit Trinkwasser aus dem 30 Kilometer entfernten Fluss Manavgat versorgt. Reste der Aquädukte sind an verschiedenen Stellen noch zu sehen.
Sprache von Side: Das Sidetische[Bearbeiten]

Die Sprache des antiken Sides war – neben der Sprache der griechischen Kolonisatoren – eine Sidetisch genannte anatolische Sprache. Das Sidetische scheint schon vor Christi Geburt ausgestorben zu sein. Es wird berichtet, dass sich die Griechen aus Kyme die Sprache zu eigen gemacht hätten (Arrian, Anabasis). Side bedeutet auf Griechisch wie auf Sidetisch: Granatapfel.
Side heute[Bearbeiten]

Fischerboote in Side
Türkische Flüchtlinge aus Kreta gründeten 1895 auf der südlichen Hälfte der verlassenen antiken Stadt Side das Fischerdorf Selimiye.[1] 1947 begannen erste Ausgrabungen, die bis heute andauern. Side wurde 1966 von der UNESCO unter Schutz gestellt.[1] Das Fischerdorf wurde in den 1970er Jahren als Badeort entdeckt und erlebt seitdem wie viele Orte an der Türkischen Riviera einen andauernden touristischen Aufschwung. Der Ort Selimiye überbaut heute den südlichen Teil des antiken Side und bildet das Zentrum von Side. In diesem dicht besiedelten Teil verblieben nur wenige antike Gebäude, wie z. B. die Hafentherme und die Große Therme. Der nordöstliche Teil der antiken Stadtfläche ist von einer Düne überdeckt. Vom Apollon-Tempel am Hafen wurden fünf Säulen wieder aufgerichtet und bilden aufgrund der exponierten Lage ein beliebtes Foto-Motiv. Beiderseits der Halbinsel liegen ausgedehnte Sandstrände mit dahinter liegenden Hotelanlagen.
Das flach abfallende Meer eignet sich hervorragend für Schnorchler. Eine besondere Attraktion ist das Beobachten der zahlreichen Meeresschildkröten in der Nähe des Strandes westlich von Side.

Map of Side Antalya Turkey